Graduated from Cornell University with a B.S. degree in Industrial and Labor Relations in 1974. Graduate studies at Princeton University with an M.A. degree in Economics in 1976 and a Ph.D. in Economics in 1979. From 1996 to 2011 the Everett E. Berg Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. From 1996 to 2004 the Executive Director of the William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Business School. From 1994 to 2002 an economic advisor to Czech president Václav Havel. From August 1992 to June 1999 the Director of the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. From 2005 to 2011 Director of the International Policy Center at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan. Since 1991 Chairman of the Executive and Supervisory Committee, CERGE-EI and since 2012 Professor of International and Public Affairs and Director of the Center for Global Economic Governance at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.